Is there a proof that does not depend on Euclidean methods? Is this a proof? :
V(g) can be written as P+R where P is non-negative and R is N-bounded (and hence (H0+λP)-bounded). H0+λP is essentially self-adjoint by this method. (These are short proofs depending on estimates on the kernels and ϕ<√N).
By this theorem, H0+λP has a gap for small λ. A gap is stable under the relatively bounded perturbation λR, so H0+λV has a gap for small λ.
This post imported from StackExchange MathOverflow at 2016-06-08 08:57 (UTC), posted by SE-user Keith McClary