When I read QFT textbook, I had some puzzle abou the vacuum to vacuum diagram
⟨0|exp(−i∫+T−TdtHI)|0⟩=exp(∑vacuum diagrams)
I wonder how to represent the vacuum diagrams like 8 in terms of particle path? Does time interval 2T appear?
How about partition function in the Euclidean space? consider 2D Euclidean space,
ds2=ρ2dτ2+dρ2
what is the Feymann diagram of the partition function? or the particle path in the above 2D space?