Symmetry v.s. isometry of Minkowski and AdS or dS spacetime

Question

We know some nice spacetime have a lot of symmetries. It is said that

• Minkowski spacetime has $$ISO(d-1,1)/SO(d-1,1),$$

• de Sitter spacetime has $$SO(d,1)/SO(d-1,1)$$ and

• anti-de Sitter spacetime has $$SO(d-1,2)/SO(d-1,1).$$

e.g. see https://physics.stackexchange.com/a/75604/42982

Question: Is this correct that the above is the precise full symmetry of Minkowski, de Sitter spacetime, and anti-de Sitter spacetime? It this the same as the isometry of these spacetimes? How to show this is the complete symmetry?

This post imported from StackExchange Physics at 2020-11-26 15:41 (UTC), posted by SE-user annie marie heart

Comments

The proof of this can be found in Wolf's "Spaces of Constant Curvature", for instance.

This post imported from StackExchange Physics at 2020-11-26 15:41 (UTC), posted by SE-user Slereah

Answer 1

The examples listed in your question are spaces with a maximal amount of symmetries, i.e. they are homogeneous and isotropic (see this SE post). However, the space $$SO(d,1)/SO(d-1,1)$$ for example is not the symmetry group of the de Sitter space but the de Sitter space itself. It is not even a group because $SO(d-1,1)$ is not a normal subgroup of $SO(d,1)$. Thus, the quotient space is just a differential manifold with a transitive action of $SO(d-1,1)$. A similar case that is easier to imagine is the 2-sphere $S_2$. Similar to the above examples, it is a maximally symmetric space that can be defined as the quotient space $$SO(3)/SO(2).$$ Again, $SO(2)$ is not a normal subgroup and, thus, $S_2$ does not inherit the group structure of $SO(3)$. The same is true for the spaces you listed in your question. The quotient spaces are not the symmetry group but the respective space itself. However, the total group space, i.e. the "numerator" in the quotient, represents the isometry group whereas the "denominator" represents the isotropy group of the quotient space. The isotropy group is the stabilizer group of a point, for example the Lorentz group in a relativistic spacetime.

However, these are in the first instance topological properties, but we are interested in the isometries and thus the (pseudo-)Riemannian structure. The connection to this is given by the natural metric provided by the Killing form if the total group (numerator group) is a semi-simple Lie group. This induces a metric on the quotient space invariant under the total group, raising the total group to the isometry group. Thus, this quotient construction naturally provides a (pseudo-)Riemannian space symmetric under the total group.

I hope this can help you with this issue. For a more detailed treatment of homogeneous spaces see for example this. Cheers!

This post imported from StackExchange Physics at 2020-11-26 15:41 (UTC), posted by SE-user Johnny Longsom