Lippmann–Schwinger equation states that scattering state will have the same energy as free state, while Gell-Mann Low theorem says that they have different enery.
Lippmann–Schwinger equation says:
That is, if |f⟩ is the eigenstate of interacting picture's free Hamiltonian ˆH(I)0 with eigenvalue E, then
|F⟩:=ˆU(0,−∞)|f⟩
is the eigenstale of the full Hamiltonian ˆH(I)(0) at t=0 with the same eigenvalue
E, where ˆU(t,t0) is the evolution operator in interacting picture.
On the other hand, Gell-Mann and Low theorem states that :
Let |f⟩ be an eigenstate of H0 with energy E0 and let the 'interacting' Hamiltonian be H=H0+gV, where g is a coupling constant and V the interaction term. We define a Hamiltonian Hϵ=H0+e−ϵ|t|gV which effectively interpolates between H and H0 in the limit ϵ→0+ and |t|→∞. Let UϵI denote the evolution operator in the interaction picture. The Gell-Mann and Low theorem asserts that if the limit as ϵ→0+ of
|Fϵ⟩=UϵI(0,−∞)|f⟩⟨f|UϵI(0,−∞)|f⟩
exists, then |Fϵ⟩ are eigenstates of H.
But the energy E will not be same as E0 and will have a shift.
Here is a proof of my first state that energy will be same








This post imported from StackExchange Physics at 2014-04-16 05:28 (UCT), posted by SE-user user34669