I am reading through a paper by Kaplunovsky, `One Loop Threshold Effects...', the link is http://inspirehep.net/record/253723?ln=en. But right at the beginning I can't reproduce going from eqn (4) to (5).
12Str(logL)=∫∞0dt2tCΛ(t)Str(e−tL)(4)
where L is first quantized Lagrangian, so Lϕ=M2−D2 for scalars, Lψ=M2−D2−12γμγνFμν for spinors, etc, and supertrace is over all fields. Dμ=∂μ−iQaAaμ where Qa generate gauge group G. CΛ(t) is just a UV regulator (for t→0). We work in a background gauge: Fμν=const,Aμ=−12Fμνxν. Equation 5 is
(coefficient of 14FμνFμνin the above)=116π2∫∞0dttCΛ(t)⋅2str(Q2a(112−χ2))e−tM2(5)
where the str is now over all physical states (eg no ghosts). I completely understand eqn (4). Kaplunovsky says to expand the exponential to second order in F2 and compute the x integral (implicit in str).
The result, eqn (5), is fairly standard I think, but have not seen this method before. Can someone provide a reference, or add in a few steps to make it clearer?