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  Calculating exactly the divergent part of amplitudes at all loop order

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Suppose we have the L-loop amplitude of the form 

IL=Li=1dDqi(2π)D1q2i1(pLi=1qi)2.

Introducing Feynman parameters to merge the denominators as usual, we may write the amplitude in the form 

IL=(N1)!10L+1j=1dxjδ(L+1i=1xi1)Li=1dDqi(2π)D[qiqjMij2qjKj+J](L+1)

where M is a symmetric matrix. We can evaluate the q integrals using the formula 

dDl(2π)D1(l2Δ)N=(1)Ni(4π)D/2Γ(ND/2)Γ(N)(1Δ)ND/2,

It can be shown that we can write IL as 

IL=(1)LΓ(L+1D)(4π)D10L+1i=1dxiδ(L+1i=1xi1)UL+13D/2FL+1D,

where we have defined  U=detM and F=detM(KiM1ijKjJ).

By setting D=42ϵ, my goal is to calculate the divergent part 

IL=cLϵ+O(ϵ0)

for any L. With that aim in mind, let's first look at L=2. Doing the above computations and calculating U and F explicitly, amounts to 

cLdx1dx2dx3δ(x1+x2+x31)x1x2x3(x1x2+x2x3+x1x3)3.

The form for larger L follows a similar pattern (product of xi in the numerator to some power, and sum of products of xi with one missing in each term, just like above), so evaluating the integral for L=2 would probably lead the way for a more general result. However, how does one treat integrals such as this? Any ideas about how one might try to evaluate it completely?

asked May 9, 2020 in Theoretical Physics by Valentina Pavlichenko (0 points) [ revision history ]

The sweeping under the carpet of divergencies is one of the reasons I never delved deeply into QFT, and therefore I restrict myself to a comment instead of an answer.

The δ-function as such is pernicious evil, obscuring often what is meant. If the above is indeed a volume integral, then the result is 0 (taking the δ-function as what it is usually described to be, infinity at one point and zero everywhere else, and using Lebesgue-integrals). If you take it as a distribution then things should be expressed differently, or one could employ a limiting procedure (which would point a way to a solution, as it makes clearer what is meant).

What probably is meant, however, is that there is a contribution to the integral only if x1+x2+x31=0, which then suggests that the integral is not intended as a volume integral but as a surface integral. Why not substitute x3=1x1x2 and integrate over x1and x2 only?
 

Thanks for the comment! Indeed, I mean the latter. Of course, substituting for x3 is the first thing I tried, but it is still not very tractable. I left it as is because it has a symmetric form that is similar to a more general expression for all L. But yes, it is essentially a surface integral. 

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