The action which describes Brans-Dicke theory is given by,
S=116πG∫d4x√|g|(−ΦR+ωΦ∂μΦ∂μΦ)
which features a scalar field Φ coupling to gravity through the Ricci scalar, and with its own kinetic term. To obtain the equations of motion, we vary our action with respect to the scalar and metric, like so,
δS=116πG∫d4xδΦ(−R−2ωΦ◻Φ+ωΦ2∂μΦ∂μΦ)
−δgμν(ΦGμν−ωΦ∂μΦ∂νΦ+12gμνωΦ∂λΦ∂λΦ)+Φ(∇μ∇νδgμν−◻gμνδgμν)
where we have already performed an integration by parts. From the variation, we may deduce,
ΦGμν−∇μ∇νΦ+gμν◻Φ−ωΦ(∂μΦ∂νΦ−12gμν(∇Φ)2)=8πTμν
for some background matter with stress-energy tensor Tμν. There is an additional equation of motion due to the scalar field, namely,
ΦR+2ω◻Φ−ωΦ(∇Φ)2=0
which is zero providing the scalar field does not couple to the background matter. We can now take a trace with respect to the metric of the first equation, obtaining,
−ΦR+3◻Φ+ωΦ(∇Φ)2=8πT
presuming d=4, where T≡Tμμ. Adding this equation to the previous, we find,
(3+2ω)◻Φ=8πT.
The parameter ω measures how strongly Φ couples to matter content. We can rewrite the 'Einstein' field equations as,
Rμν−1Φ∇μ∇νΦ+1Φgμν◻Φ−ωΦ2∂μΦ∂νΦ=8πΦTμν−gμνωΦΦ◻Φ
by expanding the Einstein tensor and substituting the relation between the Ricci scalar and field. We can now write a relation between the Ricci tensor, field and stress-energy tensor, namely,
Rμν−1Φ∇μ∇νΦ−ωΦ2∂μΦ∂νΦ=8πΦ(Tμν−(ω+1)(3+2ω)Tgμν)
This post imported from StackExchange Physics at 2014-12-31 12:12 (UTC), posted by SE-user JamalS