In the [paper][1] by Fidkowski and Kitaev, they aim to study the interaction of 8 parallel Majorana wires, and they work on so(8) Lie Algebra. They first start with just 4 parallel Majorana wires which in so(2n), n=2. Then based on the fact that so(4)≅so(3)⊕so(3), they aim to get the generators of two copies of so(3) (which I do not understand why they used two copies of so(3) rather than just one so(4)?). The map of Lie algebra is defined:
ρ(A)=i42n∑j,k=1Ajkˆcjˆck
Where
A∈so(2n) is an anti-symmetric matrix belonging to the Lie algebra. So here we have
n=2 and 4 Majoranas
{ˆc1,ˆc2,ˆc3,ˆc4}.
I have three questions:
1. Here ρ is the adjoint representation? Base on the relation
[−iρ(A),−iρ(B)]=−iρ([A,B])
Therefore ρ defines a Lie algebra, so is it the adjoint representation? Also, I am not sure why I am not able to finish the proof of the above equation. Here is my attempt (I know I got the commutation of A and B but I do not know how to get the other direction:
[−iρ(A),−iρ(B)]=−i(i4)22n∑j,k=12n′∑j′,k′1(AjkˆcjˆckBj′k′ˆcj′ˆck′−Bj′k′ˆcj′ˆck′Ajkˆcjˆck)=−i(i4)22n∑j,k=12n′∑j′,k′1(AjkBj′k′−Bj′k′Ajk)ˆcjˆckˆcj′ˆck′=...
2. How the induced action on ˆc is defined as follows?
ˆcl→i[ρ(A),cl]
I cannot understand this induced action? and they did not even define
cl.
3. My big question is that how under
ρ the generators of two
so(3) obey equations (5) and (6) in the reference. I know
so(4) has 6 generators.
A1=[000000−1001000000]A2=[00100000−10000000]A3=[0−100100000000000]B1=[000−1000001001000]B2=[0000000−100000100]B3=[00000000000−10010]
So as the paper addressed both Ai and Bi belong to so(4), but I don't understand how to get the generators.
[1]: https://arxiv.org/abs/0904.2197